The beginning of the museum's collection can be traced back to the collection of documentary heritage started by the Riga Latvian Society in 1925, when the teacher Jānis Greste started work on the systematic collection of written and musical evidence, the RMM collection has become a heritage of Latvian writing, theater and music history of national importance. The basic branches are complemented by culturally significant objects of art and other branches related to the said basic branches.

In 2023, the museum opened the first and largest permanent exhibition dedicated to the tradition of the Latvian Song and Dance Festival, "Songspace", which was created in honor of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the First General Latvian Singing Festival in 2023.